Many cancers of the digestive system have also been found to have high expression of CD166 however, the prognostic outcomes of these studies are contradictory. CD166 is also closely related to various cancers, including melanoma, prostate cancer and breast cancer.
CD166 plays an important role in many biological activities, including T-cell activation and proliferation, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis and axon fasciculation. Further studies have revealed that it is broadly expressed in different tissues and cells, including neuronal, immune and epithelial cells, as well as stem cells of hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin. Among them, CD166 has been identified experimentally as a putative stem cell marker in various cancers – with a high capacity for sphere and xenograft formation.ĬD166, also known as activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), is a highly conserved 110-kDa multidomain transmembrane type-1 glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin super family, which was first described as a CD6 ligand on leukocytes. In recent years, certain cell surface markers have been reported as CSC markers in digestive system cancers, with high expression of these markers usually an indicator of poor prognosis. It has been reported that a small subpopulation of cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), dominate the initiation, progression, relapse and metastasis of cancer. Although treatments for digestive system cancers have been developing rapidly, these cancers, especially pancreatic and colorectal cancer, are still responsible for a number of deaths.
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